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Comment: How to generate an ECC key
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== Poor man's benchmark ==

Quick way to compare processing power of CPUs.

{{{#!highlight sh numbers=off
openssl speed sha1
}}}

To test whether the CPU and installed version of OpenSSL can work with crypto acceleration (i.e. AES-NI):

{{{#!highlight sh numbers=off
openssl speed aes-256-cbc
openssl speed -evp aes-256-cbc
}}}

throughput should be faster (bigger numbers) with the second command.
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openssl req -nodes -new -keyout blah.key.pem -out blah.req.pem # Create a key at the same time
openssl req -nodes -new -keyout $DOMAIN.key.pem -out $DOMAIN.csr.pem
# Use an existing key
openssl req -nodes -new -key $DOMAIN.key.pem -out $DOMAIN.csr.pem
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blah.key.pem will act as an `SSLCertificateKeyFile` for mod_ssl in Apache $DOMAIN.key.pem will act as an `SSLCertificateKeyFile` for mod_ssl in Apache.

== Create certificate request w/ SubjectAltName fields ==

SubjectAltName fields let a certificate apply to more than 1 domain. Unfortunately, OpenSSL does not allow to create these easily from the command line.

Create a configuration file, $DOMAIN.conf:

{{{#!highlight sh
cat > $DOMAIN.conf << EOF

[req]
distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name
req_extensions = req_ext

[req_distinguished_name]
countryName = Country Name (2 letter code)
countryName_default = US
stateOrProvinceName = State or Province Name (full name)
stateOrProvinceName_default = New York
localityName = Locality Name (eg, city)
localityName_default = New York City
organizationalUnitName = Organizational Unit Name (eg, section)
commonName = Common Name
commonName_default = $DOMAIN
commonName_max = 64

[req_ext]
subjectAltName = @alt_names

[alt_names]
DNS.1 = $DOMAIN
DNS.2 = www.$DOMAIN

EOF
}}}

Then use this configuration file to create a CSR:

{{{#!highlight sh numbers=off
openssl req -nodes -new -key $DOMAIN.key.pem -out $DOMAIN.csr.pem -config $DOMAIN.conf
}}}
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openssl x509 -subject -dates -fingerprint -in blah.key.pem openssl x509 -subject -dates -fingerprint -in $DOMAIN.key.pem
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openssl genrsa -out blah.key.pem # RSA key
openssl genrsa -out $DOMAIN.key.pem 4096
# EC key (using prime256v1 curve)
openssl ecparam -out $DOMAIN.key.pem -name prime256v1 -genkey
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openssl x509 -in blah.crt.pem -noout -text # For a certificate signing request
openssl req -text -noout -in $DOMAIN.csr.pem
# For a generated certificate
openssl x509 -in $DOMAIN.crt.pem -noout -text
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cat blah.key.pem blah.crt.pem blah.dhp.pem > blah.pem cat $DOMAIN.key.pem $DOMAIN.crt.pem $DOMAIN.dhp.pem > $DOMAIN.pem
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openssl pkcs12 -export -in blah.crt.pem -inkey blah.key.pem -out blah.p12 -name "Bill Gates" openssl pkcs12 -export -in $DOMAIN.crt.pem -inkey $DOMAIN.key.pem -out blah.p12 -name "Bill Gates"
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openssl smine -sign -in msg.txt -text -out msg.encrypted -signer blah.crt.pem -inkey blah.key.pem openssl smine -sign -in msg.txt -text -out msg.encrypted -signer $DOMAIN.crt.pem -inkey $DOMAIN.key.pem
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openssl ca -revoke blah.crt.pem openssl ca -revoke $DOMAIN.crt.pem
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openssl ca -gencrl -out crl/hotnudiegirls.com-CA.crl openssl ca -gencrl -out crl/$DOMAIN-CA.crl
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openssl ca -out blah.crt.pem -in blah.req.pem openssl ca -out blah.crt.pem -in $DOMAIN.req.pem
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openssl dhparam -out hotnudiegirls.com-CA.dhp.pem 1536 openssl dhparam -out $DOMAIN-CA.dhp.pem 1536
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openssl req -new -x509 -key blah.key.pem -out blah.crt.pem openssl req -new -x509 -key $DOMAIN.key.pem -out $DOMAIN.crt.pem

Contents

  1. End-user stuff
    1. Poor man's benchmark
    2. Create certificate request/unsigned key
    3. Create certificate request w/ SubjectAltName fields
    4. Show key fingerprint
    5. Generate key
    6. Display certificate information
    7. Creating a PEM file for servers
    8. Creating a PKCS12-format file
    9. Signing e-mails
  2. Certificate Authority stuff
    1. Create CA certificate
    2. Export CA certificate in DER format
    3. Revoke certificate
    4. Generate Certificate Revocation List (CRL)
    5. Sign Certificate Request
    6. Create Diffie-Hoffman Parameters for Current CA
    7. Create self-signed certificate from generated key
  3. Command-line tricks
    1. Simple file encryption
    2. Simple file decryption

End-user stuff

Poor man's benchmark

Quick way to compare processing power of CPUs. 

openssl speed sha1

To test whether the CPU and installed version of OpenSSL can work with crypto acceleration (i.e. AES-NI): 

openssl speed aes-256-cbc
openssl speed -evp aes-256-cbc

throughput should be faster (bigger numbers) with the second command.

Create certificate request/unsigned key

# Create a key at the same time
openssl req -nodes -new -keyout $DOMAIN.key.pem -out $DOMAIN.csr.pem
# Use an existing key
openssl req -nodes -new -key $DOMAIN.key.pem -out $DOMAIN.csr.pem

$DOMAIN.key.pem will act as an SSLCertificateKeyFile for mod_ssl in Apache.

Create certificate request w/ SubjectAltName fields

SubjectAltName fields let a certificate apply to more than 1 domain. Unfortunately, OpenSSL does not allow to create these easily from the command line.

Create a configuration file, $DOMAIN.conf: 

   1 cat > $DOMAIN.conf << EOF
   2 
   3 [req]
   4 distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name
   5 req_extensions = req_ext
   6 
   7 [req_distinguished_name]
   8 countryName = Country Name (2 letter code)
   9 countryName_default = US
  10 stateOrProvinceName = State or Province Name (full name)
  11 stateOrProvinceName_default = New York
  12 localityName = Locality Name (eg, city)
  13 localityName_default = New York City
  14 organizationalUnitName = Organizational Unit Name (eg, section)
  15 commonName = Common Name
  16 commonName_default = $DOMAIN
  17 commonName_max = 64
  18 
  19 [req_ext]
  20 subjectAltName = @alt_names
  21 
  22 [alt_names]
  23 DNS.1   = $DOMAIN
  24 DNS.2   = www.$DOMAIN
  25 
  26 EOF

Then use this configuration file to create a CSR: 

openssl req -nodes -new -key $DOMAIN.key.pem -out $DOMAIN.csr.pem -config $DOMAIN.conf

Show key fingerprint

openssl x509 -subject -dates -fingerprint -in $DOMAIN.key.pem

Generate key

# RSA key
openssl genrsa -out $DOMAIN.key.pem 4096
# EC key (using prime256v1 curve)
openssl ecparam -out $DOMAIN.key.pem -name prime256v1 -genkey

Display certificate information

# For a certificate signing request
openssl req -text -noout -in $DOMAIN.csr.pem
# For a generated certificate
openssl x509 -in $DOMAIN.crt.pem -noout -text

Creating a PEM file for servers

cat $DOMAIN.key.pem $DOMAIN.crt.pem $DOMAIN.dhp.pem > $DOMAIN.pem

Used by courier-imap, etc.

Creating a PKCS12-format file

openssl pkcs12 -export -in $DOMAIN.crt.pem -inkey $DOMAIN.key.pem -out blah.p12 -name "Bill Gates"

Used for creating certificates used in e-mail clients and web browsers

Signing e-mails

openssl smine -sign -in msg.txt -text -out msg.encrypted -signer $DOMAIN.crt.pem -inkey $DOMAIN.key.pem

Certificate Authority stuff

When setting up a new CA on a system, make sure index.txt and serial exist (empty and set to 01, respectively), and create directories private and newcert. Edit openssl.cnf - change default_days, certificate and private_key, possibly key size (1024, 1280, 1536, 2048) to whatever is desired.

Create CA certificate

openssl req -new -x509 -keyout private/something-CA.key.pem -out ./something-CA.crt.pem -days 3650

Export CA certificate in DER format

openssl x509 -in something-CA.crt.pem -outform der -out something-CA.crt

Used by web browsers.

Revoke certificate

openssl ca -revoke $DOMAIN.crt.pem

Generate Certificate Revocation List (CRL)

openssl ca -gencrl -out crl/$DOMAIN-CA.crl

Sign Certificate Request

openssl ca -out blah.crt.pem -in $DOMAIN.req.pem

blah.crt.pem acts as SSLCertificateFile for Apache

Create Diffie-Hoffman Parameters for Current CA

openssl dhparam -out $DOMAIN-CA.dhp.pem 1536

Create self-signed certificate from generated key

openssl req -new -x509 -key $DOMAIN.key.pem -out $DOMAIN.crt.pem

Use only when you've no CA and will only be generating one key/certificate (useless for anything that requires signed certificates on both ends)

Command-line tricks

Simple file encryption

openssl enc -bf -A -in file_to_encrypt.txt

Simple file decryption

openssl enc -bf -d -A -in file_to_encrypt.txt

CategoryCheatSheet

SamatsWiki: CheatSheet/OpenSSL (last edited 2020-05-04 22:20:10 by SamatJain)