One of the largest reasons I use Mozilla Firefox is its huge universe of extensions, scripts, and other add-ons which can make it behave the way you want it to. I've customized my Firefox installation pretty extensively.
This list is current as of Firefox 3.5.
Extensions
Customization
Web development
- Google's Page Speed. I previously used Yahoo's YSlow, but switched as Page Speed is open-source. Functionality is mostly equivalent, and it's not as if said functionality was that important anyway. 
Other stuff
Preferences
user.js settings I use:
| Setting | Value | Rationale | 
| layout.css.dpi | 0 | Use system-reported DPI, always (normal behavior may sometimes use 96 DPI) | 
| layout.spellcheckDefault | 2 | Enable spell checking for both INPUT and TEXTAREA fields | 
| ui.caretBlinkTime | 0 | Disable cursor blinking | 
| ui.allow_platform_file_picker | false | Don't use the horrid GTK file picker | 
| network.http.pipelining | true | Increase network performance | 
| network.http.pipelining.maxrequests | 8 | |
| network.http.pipelining.ssl | true | |
| network.http.proxy.pipelining | true | |
| network.protocol-handler.external.mailto | true | 
 | 
| network.proxy.socks_remote_dns | true | 
 | 
| nglayout.initialpaint.delay | 100 | 
 | 
| browser.ssl_override_behavior | 2 | Turn off annoying SSL certificate behavior | 
| browser.xul.error_pages.expert_bad_cert | true | |
| browser.backspace_action | 1 | 
 | 
Chrome
Contents of my userChrome.css:
   1 /* Font preferences for AwesomeBar dropdown
   2  * 
   3  * Adjusts font size, underlines URLs, and corrects colors
   4  */
   5 .ac-comment
   6 {
   7   font-size: 100% !important;
   8 }
   9 
  10 .ac-url-text
  11 {
  12   color: #306090 !important;
  13   text-decoration: underline !important;
  14 }
  15 
  16 .ac-url-text[selected="true"]
  17 {
  18   color: white !important;
  19 }
  20 
  21 /* Use monospaced font for AwesomeBar */
  22 #urlbar
  23 {
  24   font-family: monospace !important;
  25   font-size: 14px !important;
  26 }
  27 
  28 /* Combines Stop/Reload buttons, such that only one is shown at a time
  29  *
  30  * Note: May require button reordering (e.g reverse order of stop/reload
  31  * buttons) if the below does not work
  32  *
  33  * Derived from user style: http://userstyles.org/styles/10
  34  * Also, see bug 343396: https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?query_format=specific&order=relevance+desc&bug_status=__open__&id=343396
  35  */
  36 #stop-button[disabled="true"] { display:none; } 
  37 #stop-button:not([disabled]) + #reload-button { display:none; }
  38 
  39 /* Italicize unread tabs
  40  *
  41  * Derived from user style: http://userstyles.org/styles/8247
  42  */
  43 #content tab:not([selected]) { font-style: italic !important; }
  44 
  45 /* Display keyword field in Bookmark dialog
  46  *
  47  * Derived from user style: http://userstyles.org/styles/8250
  48  */
  49 #editBMPanel_keywordRow { visibility: visible; }
  50 
  51 /* Hide search and go buttons */
  52 .search-go-button,
  53 .search-go-button-stack,
  54 #go-button
  55 {
  56   display: none !important;
  57 }
