## Python

[[https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/version-specifiers/#version-specifiers|Python version specifiers]] and [[https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/dependency-specifiers/#dependency-specifiers|Dependency specifiers]] [Python Packaging Guide]

Compatible release: use `~=3.13.0` to mean any version of Python 3.13. Notably, don't use `~=3.13`, which means Python 3.14, etc but not Python 4.

Semicolons are environments-specific constraints (called environment markers). E.g.

`pywin32; sys_platform == 'win32'` means only install pywin32 on Windows.

`taskgroup; python =< '3.11'` means to only install taskgroup when running on python 3.10 or earlier.

[[https://python-poetry.org/docs/dependency-specification/|poetry-specific dependency specification]]

Caret `^` is not supported by standard Python packaging tools, but vaguely is the same as compatible (`~=1`) with the caveat the least significant version does not matter for setting a max supported version. E.g `^1.2.3` and `^1.2` both mean the max version is `<2.0.0`.

Tilde `~` is also not supported, but is more strict about the maximum version allowed. `~1.2.3` and `~1.2` both mean `>=1.2.3,<1.3.0`.